linux | bits

Flask pe Raspberry cu Postgres, nginx si uwsgi

Mar 29, 2015 · 4 min read · setup. nginx arch dev postgres linux

Raspberry Arch Linux pe ARM. Install guide here Se presupune ca sistemul e conectat la internet. pacman -S nginx python2-virtualenv python-virtualenv uwsgi-plugin-python,uwsgi-plugin-python2 python2-setuptools python2-pip posgtresql bash-completion gcc pithon-pip vim htop atpo sudo nload minicom links tcpdump git tmux…

Linux 24 - Linux Desktop 02

Apr 10, 2014 · 3 min read · linux

Before going forward I'd like to list some reasons for why use Linux in the first place. * "Why?" "My machine is slow", "this program locks the PC", "it keeps saying the driver was not found". Software has bugs. You debug more efficiently when nothing is hidden and you have access to all of your OS inns and outs. You …

Linux 23 - Linux Desktop 01

Apr 8, 2014 · 2 min read · linux

Migrating from Windows There are two sides to migration: 1) Gather information about your system (if you have more than 1 and your environment is homogeneous then you are more likely to succeed as this will prevent odd situations popping up) 2) Installing the software/OS. I'm not going to write about collecting hardwa…

Linux 21 - Manage Fileownership and Permissions

Sep 15, 2012 · 3 min read · linux

Ownership chown/chgrp Permissions Files & Folders Chmod octal umask Special permissions suid guid sticky bit Ownerhip:the state or fact of being an owner. chown - Change the owner of a file or directory. chgrp - Change the group of files and directories. There are several types of user account on a Linux / UNIX sy…

Linux 20 - Manage Disk Quotas

Sep 1, 2012 · 1 min read · linux

–set up quotas on disk\–edit settings–check quotas–generate reports–hard limits, soft limits Quota: a proportional part or share of a fixed total amount or quantity. - by default it may not be installed - only works on an entire devices - the /home directory can be on a NFS share or a separate HDD as this is th…

Linux 19 - Mounting and Unmounting Filesystems

Aug 25, 2012 · 2 min read · linux

–manual mounting–mounting on bootup–user mountable file systems–automount In order to mount filesystems you must be root unless otherwise specified by /etc/fstab There are two ways of mounting a filsystem via mount via /etc/fstab Mount will mount it once while the system is running but it will not mount it again on th…

Linux 18 - Maintain the Integrity of the Filesystem

Aug 11, 2012 · 2 min read · linux

- check integrity- monitor free space inodes- repair simple problems df ( disk free ) 1) By default it will show in kilobytes2) -h stands for human-readable format3) shows inodes, used and free Inodes–every file on your computer takes an INODE – a bookmark–it's how a file is found–maximum files 459637 files can be cre…

Linux 17 - Create Partitions and Filesystems

Jul 28, 2012 · 4 min read · commands linux

partitioncreate filesystemsmake swap space There are two types of partitions on a block device - primary - extended fdisk Partition table manipulator for Linux fdisk -lList the partition tables for the specified devices and then exit. If no devices are given, those mentioned in /proc/partition…

Linux 16 - Basic File editing with VI

Jul 14, 2012 · 1 min read · commands linux

VI - press I to insert- press O to insert to next line - press :! command to execute a command inside VI- enter numbers and then dd to delete lines - for intance to delete 17 lines type 17 in command mode and then dd- to delete characters instead of dd type x- yy copies the line- A inserts after the …

Linux 15 - Search textfiles with regular expressions

Jun 16, 2012 · 2 min read · linux

grep grep -F (fgrep) grep -E (egrep) regex (grep -R) Grepping involves matching a pattern and printing it on the screen.Per dictionary.com grep is an acronym which stands for:Globally search for the Regular Expression and Print the lines containing matches to it. grep# grep oo file.txtbooks Booksbookdoogy # grep …

Linux 14 - Process Priorites

Jun 9, 2012 · 3 min read · commands linux

niceness explained ps pstree htop nice renice niceExecute programs at a specified priority levelThis allows you to control which processes the kernel should favor when dividing processor time among running programs. Processes with the lowest nice number are executed with the highest priority and vice versa.On most sys…

Linux 13 - Create, Monitor and Kill Processes

Jun 2, 2012 · 2 min read · commands linux

background and foreground persistent processes interact with processes sort running processes in top Background and Foreground# sleep 1000 captures the terminal and sleeps for 1000 sec to run in bacground add & to the end this wil give back control of terminal to access programs from background use jobs commands t…

Linux 12 - Streams, Pipes and Redirects

May 26, 2012 · 1 min read · commands linux

- stdin - stdout - stderr - tee - xargs stdin stuff a program chews up wc < file1.txtsome programs don’t accept data from stdin stdoutstuff a program spits out ls > ls.txt ls 1> ls.txt stderrwhere a program complains ls bob 2> ls.txtredirects stderr to ls.txt Both stdout and stderror go to the conso…

Linux 11 - Basic File Management

May 5, 2012 · 3 min read · commands linux

copy, move, delete wildcards find files based on type, size & date tar, cpio, dd bzip2, gunzip copy - cp - cp -R; -r; --recursive example: - cp 123.txt 234.txt - cp -R folder1/ folder2/ move - mv example: - mv folder1/ folder2/ - mv folder1/789.txt ./ delete / remove - rm - rm -f - rm -rf example: - rm file.abc - …

Linux 10 - Process Text Streams using filters

Apr 27, 2012 · 4 min read · linux

cat, cut, expand, fmt, head, od, join, nl, paste, pr, sed, sort, split, tail, tr unexpand, uniq, wc, xargs cat concatenate files and print on the standard output Flags: -n number all output lines -T, --show-tabs display TAB characters as ^I -E, --show-ends display $ at end of each line# cat hello.txt hello2.txt…

Linux 9 - Working the Command Line

Apr 14, 2012 · 4 min read · configure commands linux info

Bash Shell environment PATH environment variables history completion commands The shell that a user uses is defines in /etc/passwd testuser:x:1001:1001:testuser user:/home/testuser:/bin/bash The settings for how bash behaves are stored in a couple different places /etc/profile# /etc/profile: system-wide .profile file …

Linux 8 - RPM and yum package management

Apr 3, 2012 · 9 min read · configure centos commands linux

rpm rpm2cpio alien yum /etc/yum.conf /etc/yum.repos.d yum downloader yum is alike like apt-get is in debian like distribsyum install open-ssh clients[root@localhost ovidiu]# yum install openssh-clients Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.ch-center.com * extras: mirr…

Linux 7 - Debian Package Management

Mar 23, 2012 · 10 min read · linux debian info

dpkg dpkg-reconfigure APT apt-get, apt-cache configuration aptitude dpkg -i, –-install install packagename.deb -l, –-list list all of the packages or specified -L, -–listfiles show files that are installed by a package -P, --purge will remove the program and configurations -p, --print detailed information -r, --remove…

Linux 6 - Manage Shared Libraries

Mar 20, 2012 · 2 min read · linux configure

what are shared libraries determining associated libraries configuring system ldd, lddconfig ld.so.cache, ld.so.conf.d A shared library or shared object is a file that is intended to be shared by executable files and further shared objects files. Modules used by a program are loaded from individual shared objects into…

Linux 5 - The Boot Manager

Mar 18, 2012 · 2 min read · linux debian configure commands centos info

LILO GRUB BackUP the MBR LILO is rarely used the LILO configuration is stored in /etc/lilo.conf Explanation: –boot → what device it’s going to boot from (in this case the first serialATA –map → LILO creates a map file to say what is mapped where –install → default, leave this boot.b as the default –prompt → does it pr…

Linux 4 – Hard Disk Layout

Mar 15, 2012 · 2 min read · configure commands linux info

Partitons and Disk Filesystems mount points swap space design considerations Important folders in Linux/boot → (about 100MB+ is fine) for kernel, initrdcan not be read if software raid is present/home → user related folders & files, configuration files, etc/etc → configuration files, system wide/root → root’s home…

Linux 3 - Runlevels and Rebooting

Mar 13, 2012 · 5 min read · commands linux

runlevels inittab init.d init / telinit reboot shutdown upstart Runlevels: Runlevel Info More Info 0 HALT Standard acrosss all distributions 1 Single User Mode (recovery) no network, root access, no password to login, standard across all distributions 2 Debian/Ubuntu Default mode for both X and text mode 3 RedHat/SuSE…

Linux 2 - Boot The System

Mar 11, 2012 · 2 min read · linux info

BIOS Bootloader Kernel dmesg /var/log/messages init BIOS Changing boot order BootloaderThere's two bootloaders that are used, LILO (Linux Loader), and GRUB (Grand Unified Boot Loader)Here’s GRUB: There are two entries in this debian release The second one will go into recovery mode (it will let you log in with root ac…

Linux 1 – Hardware Settings and Configuring Settings

Mar 10, 2012 · 3 min read · settings linux info

In order to have a better understanding of GNU Linux we would need to understand it’s ways of seeing the hardware devices attached to the system. Determine Settings: HAL, dbus, udev /sys, /proc, /dev lsmod, lsusb, lspci Configure Settings: Set device ID Kernel Modules Adding / Removing devices 1.1 HAL, dbus, udevHAL H…

Configurare topologie simpla GNS3

Aug 30, 2011 · 6 min read · routes ccna 2 linux routing protocol router hardware configure basic cisco commands

Topologie CCNA 2 3 routere 2 switch-uri simple 3 PC-uri Configurare adrese IP pentru host-uri sudo suhostname [nume]ifconfig eth0ifconfig eth0 <IP> netmask <NM> uproute add default gw <GW> eth0 Configurarea consolei si a liniilor virtuale VTY R1(config)#line console 0R1(config-line)#password ciscoR1(…

Apache2

Jul 13, 2011 · 1 min read · linux

In httpd.conf (/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf) este bine ca apache sa nu porneasca prea multe servere sau sa aibe prea multe servere care stau degeaba.StartServers 1 MinSpareServers 1 MaxSpareServers 5 ServerLimit 50 MaxClients 50 MaxRequestsPerChild 5000

Setting Up a Bare CentOS server with Ngnix/PHP/MySQL (part 3)

Nov 14, 2010 · 3 min read · bsd minimal virtualbox linux SSH centos

In this post I show how to configure SSH Remember the last step in part 1? I assigned an IP address to the virtual adapter so that I can connect via SSH to my virtual box. Of course it can be any address you wish but it’s best to just use 10.0.0.0/8 172.16.0.0/16 192.168.0.0/24 which are the private addresses. I will …

Setting Up a Bare CentOS server with Ngnix/PHP/MySQL (part 2)

Nov 14, 2010 · 3 min read · minimal virtualbox linux ngnix part 2 centos

This post shows how to install a minimal CentOS server with no GUI and how to remove unneeded services. Single CD Install You only need CD or DVD #1 to do the basic install. No graphics needed either. NetInstall You can also use the small netinstall CD, if you prefer. Sometimes it seems that it's faster to just start …

Setting Up a Bare CentOS server with Ngnix/PHP/MySQL (part 1)

Nov 14, 2010 · 2 min read · minimal virtualbox linux ngnix centos part 1

This post shows you how to setup the VirutalBox application in order to install CentOS Prerequisites: Virtual Box (I am using ver. 3.2.1) CentOS ISO Images from this mirror list, or just take this torrent file (5.5 x86_64) When you finished installing VirtualBox, you will open it and hit the new button. Click Next and…